极端高温形势下福州市臭氧浓度异常升高及影响因素分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 320-330.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.012

极端高温形势下福州市臭氧浓度异常升高及影响因素分析

林昕¹^,²^,³(), 段焜瑀¹, 郭弘⁴, 蒋冬升⁵, 纪晓婷⁶, 王宏³^,⁷^,^*()

1.福州市气象局，福建福州 350007
2.海峡气象开放实验室，福建厦门 361012
3.福建省灾害天气重点实验室，福建福州 350007
4.福建省气象局应急与减灾处，福建福州 350007
5.福建省环境监测中心站，福建福州 350001
6.中国科学院城市环境研究所，福建厦门 361012
7.福建省气象科学研究所，福建福州 350007

收稿日期:2022-11-14 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-05-11
通讯作者: *王宏（1976年生），女，研究员，从事大气环境研究。E-mail: wh1575@163.com
*王宏（1976年生），女，研究员，从事大气环境研究。E-mail: wh1575@163.com
作者简介:林昕（1993年生），女，助理工程师，硕士，从事大气环境研究与天气预报工作。E-mail: 313159287@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金(2021J01453);福建省自然科学基金(2021J01463);海峡气象开放实验室课题(2020MXN12);福建省环保科技计划项目(2021R002);福建省环保科技计划项目(2022R011);福州市级科技计划项目(2021-S-256)

The Causes of the Abnormal Increase of Ozone in Fuzhou City under Extreme High Temperature

LIN Xin¹^,²^,³(), DUAN Kunyu¹, GUO Hong⁴, JIANG Dongsheng⁵, JI Xiaoting⁶, WANG Hong³^,⁷^,^*()

1. Fuzhou Meteorological Office, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
2. Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen 361012, P. R. China
3. Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
4. Department of Emergency and Disaster Mitigation, Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
5. Fujian Environmental Monitoring Center, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
6. Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361012, P. R. China
7. Fujian Meteorological Science Institute, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China

Received:2022-11-14 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2022年7月中下旬，福建省出现了1次大范围、持续性的高温过程，24日福州市日最高气温达41.9 ℃，打破1961年以来的历史记录。与此同时，福建省沿海地区出现了2次臭氧（O₃）污染过程（7月11-17日和7月22-31日），省会福州市在第1个污染过程中出现4 d O₃超标，在第2个过程中因重大社会活动保障期间实施了2 d二级和3 d一级的管控措施，但O₃质量浓度仍维持在高位并出现1 d超标。利用环境监测、气象观测及气象再分析资料等，采用合成对比、天气学诊断、相关分析、后向轨迹模拟等方法，详细分析了2022年7月中下旬福州市O₃质量浓度异常升高及其影响因素，以期为进一步开展中国东南沿海区域夏季O₃污染防治、预警预报及与周边地区联防联控提供技术支撑。结果表明：2022年7月中下旬福州市O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值异常升高达到141.2 μg·m^-3是多年平均值（84.8 μg·m^-3）的1.7倍。O₃质量浓度小时值较多年平均值明显偏高且在12-17时出现了一段“峰顶平直”现象，并在17时前后达到第2个峰值（“翘尾”现象）；后向轨迹分析表明，污染时段的影响气流主要来自福建省中部和南部地区，外来输送的O₃及其前体物叠加本地O₃的累积是“翘尾”现象发生的重要原因。O₃污染过程持续发展的最直接原因是在中部型拉尼娜（La Niña）事件的气候背景下，副热带高压面积持续偏大、强度偏强导致极端高温长时间维持，这有利于O₃的本地生成；副热带高压热穹顶和边界层O₃垂直下沉动力输送、上游区域午后O₃水平输送、不利的气象条件等多种因素都对O₃污染的发生都有着重要影响。

关键词: 极端高温, 天气形势, 垂直输送, O₃超标, 福州市

Abstract:

In mid-to-late July 2022, there was a large-scale and continuous hot climate anomalies occurred in Fujian Province. The daily maximum temperature in Fuzhou City reached 41.9℃ on July 24^th, breaking the record since 1961. At the same time, there were two ozone (O₃) pollution processes in the coastal areas of Fujian Province occurred from July 11^th to 17^thand July 22^nd to 31^st. Fuzhou had exceeded the standard for 4 days in the first pollution process; In the second process, a 2-day level II and a 3-day level I control measure were implemented due to major social events, but O₃mass concentration had been over grade II for one day. Based on the hourly environmental monitoring, meteorological observation, and meteorological reanalysis data, we used synthetic comparison, synoptic diagnosis, correlation analysis and backward trajectory simulation to characterize the ozone pollution process and analyze its causes during mid-to-late July 2022 in Fuzhou City. Our results will provide technical support for carrying out warning, forecast and management of ozone pollution in summer in the southeast coastal region of China. The results showed that the maximum daily eight-hour average of ozone in Fuzhou City abnormally increased to 141.2 μg·m^-3, which was 1.7 times of the multi-year average value (84.8 μg·m^-3). The hourly value of O₃ mass concentration was significantly higher than the multi-year average value, and there was a “straight peak” phenomenon between 12:00 and 17:00, when O₃mass concentration reached the second peak around 17:00 (“tail lifting” phenomenon). The backward trajectory analysis indicated that the airflow affected by the pollution period mainly came from the central and southern regions of Fujian Province. The horizontal transport of ozone and its precursors superimpose on the local ozone was an important reason for the occurrence of “tail lifting”. The cause of abnormal increase of O₃ mass concentration and exceedance days was complex. The extreme high temperature, caused by the continuously increased subtropical high area and intensity. The occurrence of the central La Niña event was conducive to the local generation of ozone. In addition, the vertical sinking dynamic transport of the subtropical high thermal dome and ozone in the boundary layer, the horizontal transport of ozone from the upstream region in the afternoon and adverse meteorological conditions played important roles in the ozone pollution.

Key words: extreme high temperature, synoptic situation, vertical conveying, O₃ exceeds the standard, Fuzhou City

中图分类号:

林昕, 段焜瑀, 郭弘, 蒋冬升, 纪晓婷, 王宏. 极端高温形势下福州市臭氧浓度异常升高及影响因素分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(2): 320-330.

LIN Xin, DUAN Kunyu, GUO Hong, JIANG Dongsheng, JI Xiaoting, WANG Hong. The Causes of the Abnormal Increase of Ozone in Fuzhou City under Extreme High Temperature[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 320-330.

图/表 13

图1 福州市6个环境空气质量国控监测站（红色▲）和福州国家基本气象站（蓝色●）位置示意图

Figure 1 Distribution of national-controlling ambient air quality monitoring sites (red ▲) and meteorological station (blue ●) in Fuzhou City

图2 福州市2022年O3MDA8质量浓度月均值及与2015-2021年平均值的对比图

Figure 2 Monthly mean value of O3MDA8 mass concentration in Fuzhou City in 2022 and contrast to monthly mean value (2015-2021)

图3 福州市2022年7月O3MDA8质量浓度的逐日变化及与2015-2021年平均值的对比图

Figure 3 Day to day of O3MDA8 mass concentration in Fuzhou City in July, 2022 and contrast to mean value (2015-2021)

图4 福州市2022年7月O3质量浓度小时均值日变化及与2015-2021年7月平均值的对比图

Figure 4 Diurnal variation of O3 mass concentration in Fuzhou City in July, 2022 and contrast to mean value

图5 福州市2022年7月中下旬O3质量浓度小时均值日变化

Figure 5 Diurnal variation of O3 mass concentration in Fuzhou City during mid-to-late July, 2022

图6 2022年7月O3质量浓度和气象要素的时间序列

Figure 6 Hour to hour of O3 mass concentration and meteorological elements of Fuzhou City in July, 2022 in July, 2015-2021

图7 7月中下旬O3质量浓度与温度、相对湿度的关系

Figure 7 Correlation between O3 mass concentration and temperature, relative humidity in Fuzhou city during mid-to-late July, 2022

图8 2022年7月11-17日和22-31日风向风速玫瑰图

Figure 8 Wind roses in Fuzhou city during July 11-17 and July 22-31, 2022

图9 2022年7月11-17日和22-31日O3质量浓度随风向风速的变化灰色为缺测值

Figure 9 O3 mass concentration corresponding with wind speed,wind direction in Fuzhou city during July 11-17 and July 22-31, 2022

表1 2022年1-7月Niño综合指数3个月滑动平均值

Table 1 Three month moving average of Niño Index from January to July, 2022 ℃

时间	2021年12月-2022年2月	2022年月份
时间	2021年12月-2022年2月	1-3	2-4	3-5	4-6	5-7	6-8
平均值	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0

图10 2022年7月中下旬500 hPa天气形势图红色实线为5880 gpm 1991-2020年的气候平均值，黑色实线为2022年对应时段500 hPa位势高度的平均值

Figure 10 Distribution of 500 hPa geopotential height during mid-to-late July, 2022

图11 福州市2022年7月中下旬1000-200 hPa垂直速度剖面图

Figure 11 Distribution of vertical velocity in Fuzhou city during mid-to-late July, 2022

图12 2022年7月中下旬O3日变化发生“翘尾”现象时段内到达福州市气流后向轨迹聚类分析

Figure 12 Distributions of cluster-mean back-trajectories in Fuzhou city during mid-to-late July, 2022

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极端高温形势下福州市臭氧浓度异常升高及影响因素分析

The Causes of the Abnormal Increase of Ozone in Fuzhou City under Extreme High Temperature

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