华北平原欧美107杨单株夜间液流分配特征及其环境响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 256-263.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.005

华北平原欧美107杨单株夜间液流分配特征及其环境响应

尤海舟¹^,²^,^*(), 王超¹^,², 赵广智¹^,², 李冬梅³

1.河北省林业和草原科学研究院，河北石家庄 050061
2.河北省林木良种技术创新中心，河北石家庄 050061
3.滦南县国营林场，河北滦南 063500

收稿日期:2021-04-25 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-05-11
通讯作者: *
作者简介:尤海舟（1983年生），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为森林生态。E-mail: 595802563@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省重点研发项目计划(20326810D);河北省三三三人才工程资助项目(A201803037)

Distribution Characteristics of Populus euramericana Nocturnal Sap Flow and Its Response to Environmental Factors in North China Plain

YOU Haizhou¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Chao¹^,², ZHAO Guangzhi¹^,², LI Dongmei³

1. Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang 050061, P. R. China
2. Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Varieties, Shijiazhuang 050061, P. R. China
3. Luannan State-owend Forest Farm, Luannan 063500, P. R. China

Received:2021-04-25 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

夜间液流是林木水通量中不可忽视的组分，分析华北平原欧美107杨（Populus euramericana）夜间液流特征及变化规律，量化夜间液流在茎干补水和夜间蒸腾之间分配特征，探讨夜间液流环境同步控制机制，旨在提高林木蒸腾和水量平衡估算的精确度，为人工林水分利用提供理论和方法依据。2019年4月1日-10月31日，利用Granier热扩散探针监测欧美107杨树干液流密度动态变化，并同步观测环境因子。结果表明，（1）树干液流存在明显昼夜节律，夜间液流速率不为0，前半夜液流活动比后半夜活跃。（2）生长季内单株日间液流量均值为 (21.09±10.93) kg·d^-1，夜间液流量均值为 (2.52±1.60) kg·d^-1，夜间液流占全天液流的比例多在0-20%之间，全生长季均值为9.1%；夜间液流/全天液流呈“U”型变化，生长季初期和末期较高，中期较低。（3）夜间饱和水汽压差，夜间风速和土壤含水量是影响夜间液流的主要环境因子，夜间饱和水汽压差与夜间液流极显著正相关，风速通过直接及间接效应，对夜间液流具有不可忽视的影响；更干燥的土壤对夜间液流的促进作用大于更湿润的土壤。（4）利用“时间分离法”及“反向延长法”的平均值估算得出夜间茎干补水和夜间蒸腾分别占夜间液流的60.69%和39.31%。综上所述，欧美107杨存在明显夜间液流，夜间饱和水汽压差、夜间风速及土壤含水量对夜间液流同步控制，共同影响夜间液流，研究结果为连续估算夜间液流两个组分提供了机会。

关键词: 欧美107杨, 夜间树干液流, 分配特征, 环境响应, 夜间茎干补水, 夜间蒸腾

Abstract:

Nocturnal sap flow accounts for a considerable amount of plant total water uptake. Therefore, in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the transpiration and water balance and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the characteristics of water use of trees, the characteristics and changing pattern of nocturnal sap flow and its partition into nocturnal water refilling and nocturnal transpiration of Populus×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ were investigated in the North China Plain. In this study, the Granier-type thermal dissipation probes were used to measure sap flow density in the growing season of 2019 (Apr.1^st-Oct.31^st), and the data of environmental factors were simultaneously collected to study the response of nocturnal sap flow to environmental factors. There was an obvious diurnal fluctuation with high diurnal sap flow and low nocturnal sap flow during the growing season of Populus euramericana, and it was significantly active from dusk till midnight. The daily average of diurnal sap flow in the whole growing season for a single plant was (21.09±10.93) kg·d^-1, while the average of nocturnal sap flow was (2.52±1.60) kg·d^-1. The ratio of nocturnal sap flow to daily value mainly ranged from 0 to 20%, and it showed a “U-shaped” seasonal variation, with lower ratios in the mid-growing season and higher ratios in the early and late growing seasons. On a daily scale, nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (VPD_n), nocturnal wind speed and soil water content were the main environmental factors affecting the nocturnal sap flow of Populus euramericana. There was a significant positive relationship between nocturnal sap flow and VPD_n during a clear day. The nocturnal wind speed indirectly and directly promoted nocturnal sap flow. Both increased and decreased soil water content were able to promote nocturnal sap flow, while the promotion was higher by dryer soil. The ratios of nocturnal water refilling and nocturnal transpiration to the total nocturnal sap flow of Populus euramericana were 60.69% and 39.31%, which were estimated by means of ‘time-separation’ and ‘back-extrapolation’ methods. In conclusion, there was obvious nocturnal sap flow in Populus euramericana. The combined action of three widely concerned environmental factors (i.e., nocturnal vapor pressure deficit, nocturnal wind speed, and soil water content) explained most of the nocturnal sap flow variations. Our findings also afford an opportunity for partitioning nocturnal water refilling and nocturnal transpiration.

Key words: Populus euramericana cv. ‘74/76’, nocturnal sap flow, distribution characteristics, environmental response, nocturnal water refilling, nocturnal transpiration

中图分类号:

S718.45
X173

尤海舟, 王超, 赵广智, 李冬梅. 华北平原欧美107杨单株夜间液流分配特征及其环境响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(2): 256-263.

YOU Haizhou, WANG Chao, ZHAO Guangzhi, LI Dongmei. Distribution Characteristics of Populus euramericana Nocturnal Sap Flow and Its Response to Environmental Factors in North China Plain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 256-263.

图/表 9

表1 样株主要参数

Table 1 Major parameters of sample trees

编号	胸径/cm	树高/m	冠幅/m	边材面积/cm²
1	16.7	9.5	4.2	218.80
2	17.0	9.8	4.0	226.74
3	17.5	10.3	4.7	238.91

图1 生长季太阳总辐射、土壤温度、饱和水汽压差、降雨量、土壤含水量和风速的日动态变化

Figure 1 Daily variations of total solar radiation, soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit, daily precipitation, soil water content, and wind speed at the growing season

图2 典型晴天树干液流速率及饱和水汽压差日动态变化

Figure 2 Daily variation of sap flow velocity of Populus euramericana and VPD in a typical sunny day

图3 典型晴天夜间液流速率及饱和水汽压差动态变化

Figure 3 Variation of nocturnal sap flow velocity of Populus euramericana and VPD in a typical sunny day

图4 生长季欧美107杨日间和夜间液流量日变化

Figure 4 Daily variations of diurnal sap flow and nocturnal sap flow during the growth season (from April to October) of 2019 for Populus euramericana

图5 夜间液流占全天液流比例的季节变化

Figure 5 Seasonal variation of the ratio of nocturnal sap flow to daily sap flow during the growth season (from April to October) of 2019 for Populus euramericana

图6 夜间液流占全天液流比例的频数分布

Figure 6 Frequency counts of the ratio of nocturnal sap flow to daily sap flow during the growth season (from April to October) of 2019 for Populus euramericana

图7 夜间饱和水汽压差（VPDn）、夜间风速（vn）及土壤含水量（SWC）对夜间液流（Qn）的直接及间接效应模型使用非降雨日数据构建，其中Qd为白天液流量；标准化路径系数（ρ）标于路径箭头旁，其正值及负值分别代表正效应及负效应；星号代表显著水平，*P<0.05；**P<0.01

Figure 7 Direct and indirect effects of nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (VPDn), nocturnal wind speed (vn), and soil water content (SWC) on nocturnal sap flow (Qn) at the non-rain period

图8 研究区生长季典型晴天（2019年8月25日）欧美107杨的夜间液流组成分配特征

Figure 8 Estimation of nocturnal transpiration and refilling for Populus euramericanain in a typical sunny day (August 25, 2019)

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华北平原欧美107杨单株夜间液流分配特征及其环境响应

Distribution Characteristics of Populus euramericana Nocturnal Sap Flow and Its Response to Environmental Factors in North China Plain

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