基于遥感生态指数的滨海湿地生态质量变化评价——以辽东湾北部区为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1417-1424.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.014

基于遥感生态指数的滨海湿地生态质量变化评价——以辽东湾北部区为例

柯丽娜¹(), 徐佳慧¹^,^*(), 王楠¹, 侯俊轩¹, 韩旭¹^,², 阴曙升¹^,²

1.辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,辽宁大连 116029
2.辽宁师范大学海洋可持续发展研究院,辽宁大连 116029

收稿日期:2022-02-20 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: ^*徐佳慧（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为滨海湿地生态遥感。E-mail: xujiahui_1126@163.com
作者简介:柯丽娜（1978年生）,女,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向为海岸带可持续发展、海岸带遥感及地理信息系统应用。E-mail: kekesunny@163.com
基金资助:
辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L18BJY020);辽宁省教育厅项目(LF2020006);辽宁省社科联项目(2021lslybkt-001);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-274)

Evaluation of Ecological Quality of Coastal Wetland Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index: A Case Study of Northern Liaodong Bay

KE Lina¹(), XU Jiahui¹^,^*(), WANG Nan¹, HOU Junxuan¹, HAN Xu¹^,², YIN Shusheng¹^,²

1. School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
2. Institute of Marine Sustainable Development, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China

Received:2022-02-20 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海湿地作为海陆交错地带,对于控制海洋污染、调节气候、平衡碳收支具有重要作用,对滨海湿地生态质量及其变化驱动因素进行研究具有重要意义。以辽东湾北部区域为研究对象,选取1995、2002、2009、2018及2021年共5期Landsat遥感影像,利用遥感生态指数（RSEI）,对辽东湾北部区域1995—2021年生态质量变化状况进行评价及成因分析。结果表明,（1）1995—2021年辽东湾北部区域生态环境质量整体呈波动上升趋势,1995、2002、2009、2018和2021年研究区RSEI指数均值分别为0.407、0.593、0.510、0.592、0.556,26年间研究区RSEI上升了36.61%。就空间分布而言,生态优良及中等区域主要集中在双台子河河口两岸,生态差和较差区域主要出现在滨海地区。对RSEI以0.2为间隔分级处理后,发现1995、2009、2021年生态质量相似,研究区生态等级以“中等”为主;2002年和2018年生态质量相似,均以“良”为主;“差”和“较差”等级面积及所占比例呈逐年减小的趋势,整体上辽东湾北部区生态环境质量有所改善。（2）1995—2021年辽东湾北部区生态改善,其中“变好”面积达到1418.76 km²,占比为88.03%,而其中“略微变好”面积占比最大,为1403.53 km²,达87.08%,说明辽东湾北部区设立国家级自然保护区后生态得到了较好的恢复;“变差”面积为192.85 km²,占比为11.97%,而其中“略微变差”面积为192.17 km²,占比为11.93%。研究结果可为研究区区域生态环境治理提供一定的参考。

关键词: 滨海湿地, RSEI, 辽东湾北部区域, 生态质量变化, 熵权法

Abstract:

As an interlacing zone of land and sea, coastal wetland plays an important role in controlling marine pollution, regulating climate, and balancing carbon budget. It is of great significance to study the ecological quality of coastal wetland and its driving factors. In this study, five Landsat remote sensing images from 1995, 2002, 2009, 2018 and 2021 were selected to evaluate the ecological quality changes of the northern Liaodong Bay from 1995 to 2021 by using remote Sensing ecological Index (RSEI). The results show that (1) from 1995 to 2021, the ecological environmental quality of the northern Liaoning Bay showed an upward trend of fluctuation. The mean values of RSEI index in 1995, 2002, 2009, 2018 and 2021 were 0.407, 0.593, 0.510, 0.592 and 0.556, respectively. RSEI in the study area increased by 36.61% during 26 years. From the perspective of space, the good and medium ecological areas are mainly concentrated in the estuary of Shuangtaizi River, while the poor and poor ecological areas are mainly in the coastal area. After the RSEI was graded at 0.2 intervals, it was found that the ecological quality in 1995, 2009 and 2021 was similar, and the ecological quality in the study area was mainly “fair”. The ecological quality in 2002 and 2018 was mainly “good”, and the area and proportion of “bad” and “worse” grades decreased year by year. On the whole, the ecological environment quality of northern Liaodong Bay had been improved. (2) From 1995 to 2021, the ecological area of northern Liaodong Bay had been improved, and the area that had been “improved” reached 1418.76 km², accounting for 88.03%; The area that had been “slightly improved” accounted for a maximum of 1403.53 km², reaching 87.08%, indicating that the northern part of Liaodong Bay had been set up as a national nature reserve and the ecology has been well restored. The area in the category of “deterioration” was 192.85 km², accounting for 11.97%, and the area in the category of “slight deterioration” was 192.17 km², accounting for 11.93%. The research results of this paper provide some references for regional ecological environment governance in the study area.

Key words: coastal wetland, RSEI, northern Liaodong Bay, ecological quality change, entropy weight method

中图分类号:

柯丽娜, 徐佳慧, 王楠, 侯俊轩, 韩旭, 阴曙升. 基于遥感生态指数的滨海湿地生态质量变化评价——以辽东湾北部区为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1417-1424.

KE Lina, XU Jiahui, WANG Nan, HOU Junxuan, HAN Xu, YIN Shusheng. Evaluation of Ecological Quality of Coastal Wetland Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index: A Case Study of Northern Liaodong Bay[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1417-1424.

图/表 8

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年份/年 Year	平台 Platform	传感器 Sensor	分辨率 Resolution/m	行列号 Path/Row	日期 Date	云量 Cloud cover
2021	Landsat8	OLI	30	120/31, 120/32	2021-09-02	12.41, 6.3
2018			30	120/31, 120/32	2018-08-09	1.29, 0.06
2009	Landsat5	TM		120/31, 120/32	2009-07-15	0.06, 0.01
2002				120/31, 120/32	2002-07-12	0.53, 0.31
1995				120/31, 120/32	1995-08-26	3.48, 0.36

年份/年 Year	平台 Platform	传感器 Sensor	分辨率 Resolution/m	行列号 Path/Row	日期 Date	云量 Cloud cover
2021	Landsat8	OLI	30	120/31, 120/32	2021-09-02	12.41, 6.3
2018			30	120/31, 120/32	2018-08-09	1.29, 0.06
2009	Landsat5	TM		120/31, 120/32	2009-07-15	0.06, 0.01
2002				120/31, 120/32	2002-07-12	0.53, 0.31
1995				120/31, 120/32	1995-08-26	3.48, 0.36

年份 Year	绿度 NDVI	湿度 WET	干度 NDBSI	热度 LST	遥感生态指数 RSEI
1995	0.649	0.490	0.322	0.487	0.407
2002	0.569	0.556	0.575	0.673	0.593
2009	0.550	0.404	0.494	0.599	0.510
2018	0.700	0.344	0.696	0.666	0.592
2021	0.550	0.501	0.501	0.671	0.556

年份 Year	绿度 NDVI	湿度 WET	干度 NDBSI	热度 LST	遥感生态指数 RSEI
1995	0.649	0.490	0.322	0.487	0.407
2002	0.569	0.556	0.575	0.673	0.593
2009	0.550	0.404	0.494	0.599	0.510
2018	0.700	0.344	0.696	0.666	0.592
2021	0.550	0.501	0.501	0.671	0.556

生态等级 Level	1995		2002		2009		2018		2021
生态等级 Level	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Percentage/%	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Percentage/%	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Percentage/%	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Percentage/%	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Percentage/%
差 Worse	38.91	2.41	25.98	1.61	42.97	2.66	2.61	0.17	57.10	3.54
较差 Bad	688.31	42.71	163.18	10.12	210.77	13.07	113.45	7.28	88.89	5.51
中等 Fair	837.01	51.93	530.25	32.89	1055.04	65.43	525.75	33.72	793.25	49.20
良 Good	47.41	2.94	848.21	52.61	301.72	18.71	914.65	58.66	579.80	35.96
优 Excellent	0	0	44.70	2.77	0.28	0.02	2.82	0.18	93.28	5.79

基于遥感生态指数的滨海湿地生态质量变化评价——以辽东湾北部区为例

Evaluation of Ecological Quality of Coastal Wetland Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index: A Case Study of Northern Liaodong Bay

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参考文献 24

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类别 Class	情况 Case	极差 Grade change	级面积 Class area/km²	比例 Percentage/ %	类面积 Grade area/km²	比例 Percentage/ %
变好 Better	明显变好	4	0	0	1418.76	88.03
	明显变好	3	15.23	0.95
	略微变好	2	282.68	17.54
	略微变好	1	1120.85	69.54
不变 No change	无明显变化	0	0	0	0	0
变差 Worse	略微变差	-1	155.82	9.67	192.85	11.97
	略微变差	-2	36.35	2.26
	明显变差	-3	0.68	0.04
	明显变差	-4	0	0

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